chapters · 5
Chapter 1: Where The Reader Looks
Where the reader's attention falls by default, before you try to move it. Everything in the later chapters overrides what this one describes.
7 concepts
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Chapter 2: Moving The Emphasis
Learners use a cleft or a fronted structure to override the default emphasis Chapter 1 described, and — more often — decide not to.
7 concepts
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Chapter 3: Turning Actions Into Things
Learners turn a verb into a noun to package a whole idea, use that package as the subject of the next sentence, and stop when the packaging has hidden who did what.
7 concepts
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Chapter 4: The Passive As A Choice
Learners use the passive to control which participant occupies the subject position, name or withhold the agent on purpose, and stop believing that the passive is either forbidden or formal.
7 concepts
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Chapter 5: How Sure You Sound
Learners control how strongly a sentence commits them, using aspect and modality to say exactly how certain they are — no more and no less.
7 concepts
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