Learner packages the content of one sentence into a noun phrase and uses it as the subject of the next, which is the strongest join available in academic English.
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Eight parts. The second sentence opens with what the first one said.
Assemble two sentences. The second one must open with a noun phrase built out of the first.
Six pairs. In three of them, more than one answer is honestly available.
The council closed three libraries. This provoked protests. What provoked the protests?
The strongest join in academic English, and why naming matters.
Turn what you just said into a noun. Open the next sentence with it.
Emissions fell sharply after 2015. This decline continued until 2020.
No linking word needed. The subject of sentence two is sentence one.
Scattered, bundled, carried through the door.
You cannot carry the pile. You can carry the bundle.
Twelve second-sentence openings. Four bare ones are fine.
Sort each item into the correct category
Eight pairs. Two are already clear and need nothing.
The council closed three libraries. This provoked protests. → provoked protests.
Governments failed to enforce the rules. It explains the outcome. → explains the outcome.
Emissions fell sharply after 2015. This continued until 2020. → continued until 2020.
Tuition fees doubled in 2012. This deterred poorer applicants. → deterred poorer applicants.
The scheme was cancelled last month. It cost four hundred jobs. → cost four hundred jobs.
Traffic fell and air quality improved. It was welcomed by residents. → was welcomed by residents.
The minister resigned on Tuesday. This surprised nobody. → surprised nobody.
The factory shut in March. This ended a century of production. → ended a century of production.
Each sentence opens with the one before it, packaged.
Topic: a city introducing a congestion charge.
Sentence 1: state what happened. Sentence 2: open with a package of sentence 1. Sentence 3: open with a package of sentence 2.
Each package must be shorter than the clause it replaces.
One per line.