Learner combines a device from this chapter with the information-order principles of Chapter 1, so that emphasis and sequence agree rather than compete.
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Four sentences. The cleft has to land on the claim.
Four sentences from one paragraph. One carries a cleft. Order them so the cleft lands on the claim.
Six sentences in paragraph context.
The ban has been your topic for three sentences. Now you write It was the ban that cut congestion. Do the two signals agree?
Two systems, clefting the new thing, and the pivot.
Chapter 1 said the end of the sentence is loud.
A cleft says the element in the middle is loud.
If those are different things, the reader gets two signals and trusts neither.
Ten contexts sorted by whether the two signals match.
Sort each item into the correct category
Six extracts. Two are already correct.
The ban is the topic of the whole paragraph. Sentence 3 clefts the ban. →
Sentence 2 fronts a phrase nobody has mentioned. Sentence 1 ended on the revenue. →
The claim is in sentence 2. The inversion is on sentence 4, an example. →
A what-cleft in sentence 3 delays information given in sentence 1. →
The paragraph turns at sentence 3, and the device sits on sentence 3. →
Sentence 4 clefts the newest thing in the paragraph, which is also its claim. →
Four chained sentences, one device on the claim.
Topic: a city policy that worked.
Four sentences, each opening with something the previous one ended on.
One emphatic device, placed on your claim.
Then say whether the element you emphasised is the newest thing in that sentence.
Four sentences.
One sentence.
Say whether your emphasised element is also the newest.