See multiplication as putting the same group of tokens into a bag again and again, and find out why 4 × (−2) = −8.
Preview · progress not saved — Chapter 1 is free
4 × 2 as 'put 2 positives into an empty bag 4 times'.
Put 2 positive tokens into an empty bag. Do it again, and again, and again: 4 times in all.
Placing 2 negatives into the bag 4 times.
Problem. Use tokens to find . (Textbook p. 29)
A positive multiplier means you put tokens in.
Fill in the token steps for 4 × (−6).
Textbook p. 29: find 4 × (−6) with tokens.
Put negatives into the empty bag, times.
Now the bag has negatives, so 4 × (−6) = .
The multiplier is and the multiplicand is .
Quick products using the token bag idea.
(Textbook p. 29)