Learner combines two related sentences using a participle rather than a link word, and knows when the link word is the better choice.
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Seven parts from two sentences, made into one.
These parts came from two sentences: *The board reviewed the evidence.* and *The board approved the plan.* Build them into one.
Six pairs. Two of them must stay apart.
She finished the report. She sent it to the committee. Can these join with a participle?
The test, what you gain, and what you can lose.
She finished the report. She sent it.
→ Having finished the report, she sent it.
Same subject, so the first sentence can lose its verb.
✗ She finished the report. He sent it.
Different subjects. Keep them apart.
Eight pairs. Three must stay as two sentences.
She finished the report. She sent it to the committee. →
The council faced rising costs. It cut services. →
She finished the report. He sent it. →
The board reviewed the evidence. The board approved the plan. →
The report was long. She read it twice. →
The firm was delayed twice. It apologised to its clients. →
This is the paragraph's main claim: Applications from the poorest households have halved since 2012. Supporting detail: The fee cap was removed that year. →
They failed twice. They changed approach. →
Write two sentences, combine them, then judge the result.
Topic: anything from your own work or study.
Box 1: two short sentences that share a subject. Box 2: the combined version, using a participle. Box 3: one line — did combining make it better, or worse?
The honest answer in box 3 is sometimes worse.
Two short sentences.
One sentence.
One line.
Ten pairs. Four stay apart, and two of those for emphasis.
Sort each item into the correct category