Learner replaces a full relative clause with an -ing or -ed participle where the clause contains a form of be.
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Seven parts. Two of them are the ones you delete.
Build the full version first. The two words you would delete to reduce it are marked in the explanation below once you finish.
Six clauses. Two of them have nothing to cut.
the students who are studying abroad — can this be cut?
Which form, and the one condition on the cut.
the students who are studying abroad
→ the students studying abroad
people who are living in cities
→ people living in cities
The noun is the one acting.
Ten clauses. Three of them cannot be cut.
the students who are studying abroad →
the report which was written in June →
countries which are affected by drought →
the students who passed →
a policy that is designed to help →
the man who owns the shop →
people who are living in cities →
data which was collected in 2019 →
the woman who knows the answer →
issues which were raised at the meeting →
Two full relative clauses, cut to participles.
Rewrite both:
Cut each clause to a participle. Nothing else should change.
One per line.
Eight clauses. Two have no reduced form.
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