Learner applies every conditional decision to unmarked text, where nothing says which fault is present.
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Twelve cards from the whole chapter. Two are correct as written.
One sentence walked through all four, and which two are judgements.
If governments would invest more, congestion will fall.
1 Can it happen? no → unreal frame
2 Will or would after if? yes → invested
3 Frame held at the end? no → would fall
4 Does it argue? yes → keep it
✓ If governments invested more, congestion would fall.
Two gates you pass through, and one bridge you carry.
The gates you pass. The bridge you have to keep level.
Four worked repairs. Answer the questions before you touch the sentence.
1. If the congestion charge will be introduced next year, traffic will fall. A charge is already before the council.
Could this happen? · So the frame is if + . The sentence fails at question . Repaired: If the congestion charge [introduce] next year, traffic will fall.
2. If governments would invest more in buses, congestion would fall. No government is planning to.
Could this happen? · So the frame is if + . The sentence fails at question . Repaired: If governments [invest] more in buses, congestion would fall.
3. If fees were lower, more students would apply, and the university will expand. Fees are high and rising.
Could this happen? · So the frame is if + . The sentence fails at question . Repaired: … and the university [expand].
4. If I were the president of the world, I would ban all cars. Nobody holds that office.
Could this happen? · So the frame is if + . The sentence fails at question . Repaired as a claim someone could act on: Provided that public transport [improve] first, restricting cars would be defensible.
Nine conditional decisions in one paragraph. Three are already right.
Many cities are considering charging drivers to enter the centre.
1. If the charge will be introduced next year, traffic will fall within months. → If the charge introduced next year, traffic will fall within months.
2. If governments invested more in buses first, resistance will be far weaker. → If governments invested more in buses first, resistance far weaker.
3. The scheme succeeds as long as the revenue is spent on public transport. → The scheme succeeds the revenue is spent on public transport.
4. If I were the mayor of every city on earth, I would ban cars completely. → enforcement is strict, a full ban would be defensible.
5. If enforcement is strict, the ban would reduce emissions. → If enforcement is strict, the ban reduce emissions.
6. Critics say that if the charge would rise above ten pounds, shops would lose trade. → Critics say that if the charge above ten pounds, shops would lose trade.
7. If demand falls, prices fall, although they would recover if supply tightened. → If demand falls, prices fall, .
8. Even if funding doubled, the backlog of road repairs would remain. → , the backlog of road repairs would remain.
9. Unless attitudes will change, no scheme of this kind will succeed. → Unless attitudes , no scheme of this kind will succeed.
Argue a position. At least two of the four must be conditional.
Prompt: some people think city centres should be closed to private cars. Others say this punishes people who have no alternative.
Write four sentences arguing one position.
At least two must be conditional. Nothing here tells you which frame to use — that is the point.
One paragraph.
Name the one you forget. One sentence.