Chapter 4: Saying It In Fewer Words

concepts · 7

1. 01

   Sprint 4.1: Cutting To A Participle

   Learner replaces a full relative clause with an -ing or -ed participle where the clause contains a form of be.

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2. 02

   Sprint 4.2: -ing And -ed

   Learner chooses -ing when the noun performs the action and -ed when the noun receives it, in both participles and adjectives.

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3. 03

   Sprint 4.3: Opening With A Participle

   Learner opens a sentence with a participle clause, punctuates it with a comma, and follows it immediately with the subject that performs it.

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4. 04

   Sprint 4.4: The Dangling Modifier

   Learner detects a participle whose subject is missing or wrong, and repairs it by changing the main clause rather than the opener.

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5. 05

   Sprint 4.5: From Two Sentences To One

   Learner combines two related sentences using a participle rather than a link word, and knows when the link word is the better choice.

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6. 06

   Sprint 4.6: Compression Without Loss

   Learner recognises when a compressed sentence has removed information the reader needed — chiefly who did the action and when it happened — and restores it.

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7. 07

   Sprint 4.7: Chapter Repair — Unmarked Compression

   Learner applies every compression decision to unmarked text, where nothing says which fault is present.

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