Learner repairs progression faults at both sentence and paragraph level with nothing marking which is present, changing order rather than adding words.
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Eight sentences, rebuilt. Not one word changes.
These eight sentences form a short essay. Rebuild it so every sentence is licensed, every paragraph moves, and the ending arrives. Change nothing.
The chapter assembled, why every repair is a move, and the symptom question.
1 Does each paragraph end
somewhere its opening
was not?
2 Does any sentence arrive
before what it needs?
3 Would swapping two
paragraphs break anything?
4 Does the conclusion say
something new?
One path advancing, one looping back on itself.
Both paths pass all four markers. Only one of them is going anywhere.
Four repairs. Nothing says which fault each carries.
1. Opens: free transport would cut car use. Closes: therefore, free transport would reduce cars on the road.
Does the closing sentence add anything? This fails at question . Repaired closing sentence: The effect would be largest among .
2. (1) In Bogotá, journeys fell by a fifth. (2) Charging makes each trip's cost visible at the moment of deciding.
Does sentence 1 rely on anything not yet said? This fails at question . Repair: move sentence to the front.
3. Paragraph A: tourism hollows out historic centres. Paragraph B: what hollowing out means.
Does A need something B establishes? This fails at question . Repair: goes first.
4. Intro: homework harms young children. B1: an hour after a six-hour day leaves no afternoon. B2: homework is harmful for the young. Concl: homework harms young children.
Does the conclusion say anything new? Which paragraph is the real fault? This fails at question , and the repair is in the .
Three paragraphs where the order carries information.
Prompt: many young people are leaving small towns for large cities. What causes this, and what could be done about it?
Write three paragraphs.
The test: if two of them could swap without breaking anything, the order is not doing work.
Three or four sentences each.
Four questions. Which do you never ask?