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Learner tells the reader the shape of the essay through its content rather than through a numbered list, and knows how little signposting is actually needed.
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Six introductions. Two give a list instead of an argument.
This essay will discuss the advantages, then the disadvantages, and then reach a conclusion. What does the reader now expect?
What a contents page costs, what works instead, and how little is needed.
✗ This essay will discuss X, then Y, then conclude.
A sentence of your 250 spent telling the reader what they will find out by reading.
And the descriptor calls this kind of thing mechanical.
Ten openings. Four show the shape without naming it.
Sort each item into the correct category
Six introductions. Two need nothing.
Prompt: should public transport be free? This essay will discuss the advantages and then the disadvantages. →
Prompt: what causes urban air pollution and how can it be reduced? The shortage has two causes, and only one of them has a workable remedy. →
Prompt: should homework be abolished for primary pupils? Firstly I will explain the problems, and secondly some solutions. →
Prompt: is remote work good for young employees? In this essay I am going to look at three main points. →
Prompt: should tourists be limited in historic cities? I agree, though the limit matters less than where the revenue goes. →
Prompt: should employers fund staff training? The following paragraphs will examine both sides of this question. →
Imply the body's shape, then say what the reader expects.
Prompt: some people think cities should limit the number of tourists they admit. Others say the revenue is too valuable to lose.
Box 1: an introduction of two or three sentences. No this essay will, no firstly. Box 2: one line — what will the reader now expect your first body paragraph to be about?
The last one carries the position.
One line.
After your introduction — what is paragraph one about?