Learner orders paragraphs by dependency rather than by the sequence they were thought of in, and finds the pair that should swap.
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Five paragraph summaries. One order is forced by dependency.
Order these five paragraph summaries into an essay. One pair is forced by dependency; the rest follows from it.
Six pairs. In two, either order works.
A: fares take a tenth of a minimum-wage commuter's pay. B: therefore fare cuts reach the poorest first. Which comes first?
The one hard rule, the free choice, and the swap test.
If paragraph B needs something paragraph A establishes, A goes first.
A definition before the argument that uses it. A cause before the solution that addresses it.
That is the only hard rule of paragraph order.
Blocks stacked, and the same blocks laid side by side.
In one arrangement the order is holding something up.
Ten pairs. Four could go either way.
Sort each item into the correct category
Eight pairs. Three have no dependency at all.
A: what hollowing out means for a city centre. B: tourism hollows out historic centres. → B needs from A.
A: free transport cuts congestion. B: free transport widens access to work. → B needs from A.
A: fares take a tenth of a minimum-wage commuter's pay. B: so fare cuts reach the poorest first. → B needs from A.
A: the causes of the housing shortage. B: solutions to the shortage. → B needs from A.
A: remote work saves commuting time. B: remote work cuts office costs. → B needs from A.
A: the concession — the subsidy is expensive. B: the answer — it is cheaper than the road building it replaces. → B needs from A.
A: the scheme worked in Stockholm. B: the scheme worked in Milan. → B needs from A.
A: the 2012 reform described. B: its effect on applications argued. → B needs from A.
A paragraph plan, and say which pair could swap.
Prompt: some cities are removing parking spaces to make room for cycle lanes. Is this a good use of urban space?
Box 1: four paragraphs, one line each — what each would do. Box 2: why that order, and which two paragraphs could swap without breaking anything.
One line each.
Two or three sentences.