Learner repairs paragraphing faults where nothing marks which is present, including the case where the correct action is to leave the text alone.
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Nine sentences, three uneven paragraphs, no word changed.
Nine sentences from one essay, unbroken and out of order. Group them so the first four form one paragraph, the next three the second, and the last two the third. No word changes.
The chapter assembled, and the three repairs that fix nearly all of it.
1. One-sentence summary, no *and*?
2. Does every sentence serve it?
3. Does each break fall at a topic change?
4. Does each paragraph do a different job?
One first, because a paragraph with two topics has no single summary to check anything against.
A sorting bench with no pen on it.
Grouped, moved, or set aside. Nothing is written.
Four passages, unlabelled. Answer before repairing.
1. Free museum entry changes who visits. A charge decides who comes rather than who is interested. Free entry also costs the Treasury around a billion a year, and that money has to come from somewhere.
Summary, no and:
The repair:
2. Cycle lanes bring new riders. Someone who will not ride beside lorries will ride behind a kerb. Bicycles have become considerably more expensive since 2020. Seville built eighty kilometres in four years and cycling rose elevenfold.
Which sentence would the summary not predict?
The repair:
3. Charges cut traffic. Marginal drivers switch to the train. Traffic thins at peak hours. Charges also raise revenue. London took £150 million in year one. That money went to buses. — written as ONE paragraph.
Where does the topic change?
The repair:
4. An essay: P1 charges cut traffic (Stockholm). P2 charges cut traffic (London). P3 conclusion.
Do P1 and P2 do different jobs?
The repair:
Two paragraphs and your own summaries, reported by fault.
Prompt: Should city centres be closed to private cars?
Write two body paragraphs. Give them different jobs.
Then summarise each in one sentence, twelve words or fewer, with no and.
Two body paragraphs.
No and in either.
Name the question you never ask.