Learner makes each body paragraph visibly serve the stated position, rather than being merely on topic.
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Six parts: a position and the claims that serve it.
Assemble an essay skeleton: the position first, then three paragraph claims that serve it, then the marked concession.
Six paragraph claims under one position. Two take no side at all.
Position: free public transport is worth its cost. Fares currently deter low-income commuters from taking jobs across the city. Which side is this on?
The commonest Band 6 paragraph, and the clause that repairs it.
Everything in it is relevant to the question.
None of it is connected to what the writer said they believed.
Public transport systems in Europe are funded in a variety of ways.
True, on topic, and it argues nothing.
Twelve claims under one stated position.
Sort each item into the correct category
Eight claims under one position. Two need nothing.
Public transport in Europe is funded in a variety of ways, .
Removing fares would cost the city £400m a year, .
Cities that removed fares saw car journeys fall by a fifth within two years. →
Bus usage has risen and fallen repeatedly over thirty years, .
Fare collection itself consumes a tenth of the revenue it raises, .
Free services tend to become overcrowded, .
Fares deter low-income commuters from taking work across the city, .
Congestion imposes a measurable cost on every business that moves goods by road. →
State a position, then two claims that visibly serve it.
Prompt: should employers pay for their staff's training?
Line 1: your position. Line 2: the first sentence of body paragraph one. Line 3: the first sentence of body paragraph two.
A reader who saw only lines 2 and 3 should be able to tell which side you are on.
Three lines, labelled.
Cover your introduction. Can a reader still tell?