Element Blocks And Types

Classify elements into s, p, d, f blocks and identify broad trends in metallic and non-metallic character.

6 lessons

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Concept

The Four Blocks

Defining s, p, d, f blocks based on outer electron filling.

The Four Blocks

Based on the type of atomic orbitals being filled with electrons, the periodic table is systematically divided into four main areas: the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block.

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IMAGE

Element Blocks and Types Visual

Figure 3.3 explicitly color-codes blocks and metal/non-metal divides.

Clean scientific diagram showing the periodic table divided into four distinct color-coded blocks: s-block on the left, …

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The Exceptions: Helium and Hydrogen

Why He and H are unique.

💡 Helium

With an

1 s^{2}

configuration, Helium strictly belongs to the s-block. However, because its valence shell is completely filled, it exhibits properties of a noble gas and is placed in Group 18 of the p-block!

🧠 Hydrogen

Hydrogen only has one electron (

1 s^{1}

). It can lose it to act like an alkali metal (Group 1), or gain one to act like a halogen (Group 17). Because it behaves like both, it is often placed separately at the top of the table.

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Concept

Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids

Trends in metallic character across the table.

Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids

In addition to orbital blocks, elements are broadly classified by their physical properties into three categories: Metals, Non-metals, and Metalloids.

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Example

Worked Example: Ordering Metallic Character

Problem 3.4 step-by-step.

Worked Example: Ordering Metallic Character

Problem. Considering their atomic number and position in the periodic table, arrange the following elements in increasing order of metallic character:

Si, Be, Mg, Na, P

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quiz

Practice: Metallic Trends

Exercise 3.38 applied practice.

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Considering the elements B, Al, Mg, and K, what is the correct order of their metallic character?

← previousElectronic Configurations And The Period...next →Atomic And Ionic Radii

quiz

Practice: Metallic Trends

Exercise 3.38 applied practice.

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Considering the elements B, Al, Mg, and K, what is the correct order of their metallic character?