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Part of NCERT 11 Biology
From Aristotle to Whittaker - the evolution of classification systems
Humans have always classified things. It's natural.
Early humans classified organisms by use:
This was practical but not scientific.
15 essential terms for understanding biological classification
Visual summary of Whittaker's classification system
Each kingdom has distinct characteristics. Notice: Only Monera is prokaryotic. Only Animalia lacks cell walls.
Prokaryotic diversity, shapes, and metabolic versatility
Bacteria are the ONLY members of Kingdom Monera.
Key feature: They are prokaryotic - no nucleus!
Bacteria are everywhere:
They are the most abundant microorganisms on Earth.
Visual guide to the four main bacterial forms
Remember these shapes: Coccus (round), Bacillus (rod), Vibrio (comma), Spirillum (spiral). Many have flagella for movement.