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The Water Cycle & Groundwater

Map how solar heat drives the water cycle, and understand how surface water infiltrates the earth to become groundwater.

7 micro-lessons

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The Ice Stupas of Ladakh

Hook on the innovative Ice Stupas used for water conservation.

In Ladakh, engineers build giant 'Ice Stupas' by spraying piped mountain water into freezing winter air. These tall, cone-shaped towers melt slowly in spring, providing crucial water for farming when natural streams run dry!

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Heat Drives the Water Cycle

Explanation of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation.

The Sun's Engine

Did you know the Sun is the main source of heat driving the movement of all water on Earth? This continuous journey is called the water cycle.

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The Continuous Movement of Water

Visual of the water cycle.

A landscape showing water rising from a lake and from trees, gathering into cloud over mountains, falling as rain and snow, and running back down to the lake.

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The continuous movement of water driven by the Sun's heat.

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Where does the rain go? Infiltration

Explanation of infiltration rates through different soils based on Activity 7.5.

Where Does the Rain Go?

When rain falls on the ground, not all of it flows into rivers or oceans. A significant amount seeps directly into the earth beneath our feet.

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Aquifers: The Underground Reservoirs

Visual of the water table, infiltration, and an aquifer.

A cross-section of the ground: rain soaking through topsoil into a porous water-filled rock layer above bedrock, with a well shaft reaching down into it.

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Underground layers of porous rock store water that infiltrates from the surface.

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Key Terms: Water Systems

Flashcards for Precipitation, Infiltration, and Aquifer.

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Check Your Understanding

Retrieval on groundwater and water cycle.

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The heat from the Sun causes the of water from oceans, rivers, and lakes. Meanwhile, water evaporating from the leaves of trees and plants is called . When precipitation hits the Earth, the process of surface water seeping into the ground is known as . However, excessive extraction and increased concrete surfaces in urban areas have led to the severe depletion of our .

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