Understand the criteria for a civilisation and map the geographical and temporal bounds of the Indus-Sarasvati civilisation.
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The Harappan civilisation was entirely forgotten until the 1920s.
The seven characteristics of a civilisation.
As early human groups settled down and mastered agriculture, they developed advanced technologies like metallurgy—the process of extracting and purifying metals. This scientific leap was a major step in moving humanity toward true 'civilisation'.
Timeline of early civilisations.
Civilisation began at different times in different parts of the world. The Indus-Sarasvati period peaked as humanity advanced globally.
Geography of the Indus and Sarasvati rivers.
The vast plains of the Punjab and Sindh are watered by the Indus River and its tributaries. A tributary is a smaller river that flows into a larger river or lake. This reliable water source made the plains highly fertile and perfect for agriculture.
Map showing Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, etc.
The Indus-Sarasvati civilisation spanned a massive geographical area across modern boundaries, relying heavily on river systems.
Match Harappan cities to their modern states.
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