Learner consolidates all thirty chapter frames by the job each one does, and demonstrates flexibility by choosing the plainer form wherever it fits.
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Five moves, one per sprint, and the habit underneath all of them. Tick only what you could do in an exam.
Thirty frames, five jobs. Any frame that hesitates is the one to review.
Sort each item into the correct category
Twelve items. In five the correct answer is the plainer form — because flexibility is the choosing, not the density.
Twelve items across the five clusters. Almost every option is grammatical — you are choosing on fit, as you have been all chapter.
In five of the twelve the plainer form wins. A candidate who has learned this chapter as a list of impressive frames will fail exactly those five, and that is the whole point of the ratio.
This is a supporting sentence inside a paragraph, giving one concrete example, and your argument turns on which department acted. Which version?
A single passage using frames from all five sprints. Four of the ten gaps take the plainer form.
a congestion charge changes travel behaviour depends less on the charge itself than on what a city offers instead of driving.
In 2019 one council a charge covering its central zone, and traffic in that zone fell over the following year. pricing alone alters behaviour, and the case is intuitive enough: drivers respond to cost as they respond to any other price. that first-year fall as the clearest evidence available.
the mixed record since, however, a flat claim is hard to defend — the fall reversed in two of the four cities that tried it, and nobody has separated the charge from the downturn that followed it.
, the charge changed the composition of traffic even where it did not change the volume. Deliveries were rescheduled and through-traffic rerouted, while commuter numbers moved only .
— pricing applied without a usable alternative, which pushes the cost onto the people least able to avoid it — has appeared in several cities that copied the scheme. is the objection a solution paragraph has to answer.
A ceiling of four frames, and then the thing the chapter is actually named after.
Prompt
Some cities are removing private cars from their centres entirely. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Part 1 — the paragraph. Write ONE body paragraph, 180–260 words, arguing either side.
The ceiling is four. At most four frames from this chapter, from any of the five clusters. Fewer is not weaker. Zero is defensible.
And respect the chapter's four ceilings, which are easy to forget because they live in different sprints:
| | | | --- | --- | | nominalisations | two per paragraph | | compressions opening a sentence | two per paragraph | | classifying references | one per transition | | to put it more strongly | one per essay |
Part 2 — the rewrite. Choose one sentence from your paragraph and write it three ways: denser, plainer, and at a different strength. Same content in all three.
That second part is what the chapter is named after. A writer who can produce one sentence three ways and pick between them is writing flexibly; a writer with one impressive version is not.
You may invent plausible detail about a city. Do not present invented figures as published research.
180–260 words. At most four chapter frames.
Label the three versions. Same content in each.
The reason matters more than the choice.
Name the ones you are leaving behind. Deciding not to use a frame you have learned is a result, not a retreat.