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Understand overshoot, oscillation, and settling time—and why tuning matters for stable systems
Part of Control Systems: Teaching Machines To React & Adapt
Educational content slides
You set cruise control to 65 mph. What happens next matters.
Sluggish system: Takes 30 seconds to slowly reach 65 mph
Aggressive system: Shoots to 72 mph, drops to 60, oscillates for 10 seconds, settles at 65
Well-tuned system: Smoothly reaches 65 mph in 5 seconds with minimal overshoot
All three eventually reach 65 mph, but the journey is wildly different. That journey is called the system's response.
Test your understanding with this quiz.
A self-balancing robot tips over repeatedly while trying to stay upright. What's the most likely problem?
Complete this exercise and get AI-powered feedback.
Every real system sacrifices something. Perfect doesn't exist.
Learning to choose the right compromise is engineering judgment.