Sprint 5.4: Referencing And Repetition

Maintain clarity through controlled repetition and clear reference chains.

4 lessons

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Repetition Can Help or Hurt

Teach controlled repetition of key terms vs lazy repetition of the same words.

Many IELTS students are taught to never repeat words. This is a dangerous myth.

While repeating basic words shows a limited vocabulary, completely avoiding repetition can make your essay confusing. The secret to scoring well in Lexical Resource and Coherence is knowing the difference between lazy repetition and controlled repetition.

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Reference Chain

Visual chain: public transport -> this system -> it -> such services.

Investing in public transport is essential for modern cities. When governments fund this system, citizens are encouraged to leave their cars at home. Consequently, it significantly reduces urban carbon emissions. In the long term, such services create healthier and more accessible urban environments.

Key Noun

Public Transport

Synonym Phrase

This system

Direct Pronoun

Synonym Phrase

Such services

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Complete the Reference Chain

Fill pronouns or noun phrases that maintain clarity.

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(Word Bank: these systems, this industry, this transition, these technologies)

The global shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy is essential for combating climate change. However, requires significant financial investment and infrastructure development. Solar and wind power are currently the most popular alternatives to coal and gas. Despite their popularity, are highly dependent on unpredictable weather conditions. To address the issue of unreliability, governments are investing heavily in advanced battery storage. By implementing on a large scale, countries can ensure a continuous power supply. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of green energy creates thousands of new jobs. Ultimately, supporting is not just an environmental necessity, but a crucial step towards long-term economic stability.

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Fix Unclear Reference

Learner edits sentences where 'this/it/they' is unclear.

Goal: Turn a lazy pronoun into a clear, controlled reference phrase.

Figure out exactly what 'This' is summarizing.
Add a summary noun to 'This' to anchor the reader.

What specific action or situation does 'This' refer to?*

State exactly what the pronoun is trying to summarize.

Rewrite the second sentence to clarify the reference*

Replace the lone pronoun 'This' with a clear reference phrase ('This + [summary noun]').

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