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The Binding Energy Secret: Why Fusion Works

Discover the hidden curve that powers stars—and why iron is the universe's energy ceiling

Part of Build A Star: The Nuclear Fusion Revolution

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The Universal Energy Curve

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The Universal Energy Curve

Every atom has binding energy—the energy holding its nucleus together. The more binding energy per nucleon (proton or neutron), the more stable the atom.

Plot all elements by atomic mass, and you get a curve that reveals the universe's energy secret.

The pattern:

  • Light elements (H, He, Li): Low binding energy per nucleon
  • Iron-56: Peak of the curve—highest binding energy
  • Heavy elements (U, Pu): Slightly lower than iron

Going "uphill" toward Iron = releases energy Going "downhill" from Iron = requires energy

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Quiz: 3 Questions

Test your understanding with this quiz.

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Where on the binding energy curve does iron-56 sit?

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Element Factory

Complete this exercise and get AI-powered feedback.

Element Factory

You're observing a massive star through its lifetime, watching it fuse progressively heavier elements.

Think about: The binding energy curve, diminishing returns as you approach iron, and where elements heavier than iron come from.

Key insight: The universe has natural limits—understanding them helps us work within those constraints.